Dining on Dandelions

It’s funny when you think about it. People spend tons of money to eradicate dandelions from their lawns, but will go to an upscale restaurant and pay good money for a salad with mixed greens including dandelions. Dandelions were not always considered a weed. In fact, immigrants brought the seeds to America as a vegetable.
While the greens can be bitter, they can also be tamed when paired with certain ingredients. Combining dandelions with tomatoes, vinegar, cheese or other dairy products, and bread or cereal products will make them less bitter when eaten.
Dandelions are packed with nutrients, and if you don’t spray your yard with herbicides, you can likely find them under your own feet. Free, tasty and nutritious. Sounds like a win all around.
The plant is pretty much edible from top to bottom. The leaves for salads, soups and other dishes. The flowers are used for wine, jelly and the “burger” recipe at the bottom of this page. I recently baked dandelion flowers into muffins. The roots are roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. If you haven’t eaten dandelions before my only question is, what are you waiting for?
A classic dish using dandelions is dandelion gravy. Some versions use bacon, others not. This one uses bacon, sour cream and is served with boiled potatoes.

Dandelion Gravy
4 strips bacon
3 T. flour
1 c. water
1 lb. dandelion greens, washed and chopped
½ c. sour cream
1 T. sugar
1 T. vinegar
Salt and pepper to taste
Hot boiled or baked potatoes
Fresh chopped parsley, optional
Chop bacon and cook in skillet until crisp. Leave bacon in the pan. Remove all but 3 tablespoons of the bacon fat and stir in the flour until smooth. Add water and dandelion greens and cook over medium heat until greens are tender- about 5- 10 minutes. Add more water if mixture is too thick. Turn off heat. Combine sour cream with sugar and vinegar and stir into dandelion mixture. Adjust seasonings. Spoon gravy over potatoes.
Serves 4.
Note: If you want leave out the bacon instead add 3 tablespoons of oil to skillet along with the flour.
The next 2 recipes come from Dr. Peter Gail, my mentor and dearly loved friend. I will always remember Peter when I cook with dandelions.
Dandelion Pita Pizza
Pita bread, toasted English muffin, or toasted bread
Spaghetti or pizza sauce
Fresh dandelion greens of any age, chopped fine
Grated cheese (any kind)
Cover bread with sauce, add chopped greens, top with cheese, and toast in oven until cheese
melts. For a more sophisticated treat, chopped dandelion greens may be sauteed in olive oil with
onions, mushrooms and several cloves of crushed garlic, and then spread on the pizza and topped
with cheese.
Dandy Burgers
1 cup dandelion flowers, green removed
½ cup flour, any kind
1/4 cup onions, chopped fine
½ tsp salt
½ tsp garlic powder
1/4 tsp thyme
1/4 tsp basil
1/4 tsp rosemary
1/8 tsp pepper
enough milk to make thick batter.
Peel dandelion flowers and put in 4 quart mixing bowl. Add onions and mix together. Blend
flour and seasonings together, add to the flowers and onions, and blend thoroughly. Add milk
slowly, blending it in until you have a thick batter.
Heat olive oil in frying pan to cover bottom. Form batter into golf-ball-sized balls. Place in
oil, and squash down flat to make a 2″ diameter patty. Fry till brown on both sides. Remove and
serve on small rolls as you would hamburger sliders.
This post is dedicated in loving memory of Dr. Peter Gail
Dandelion Jelly

Dandelion jelly is one of those nice surprises in life. When people ask me what it tastes like, I tell them honey. It doesn’t have the thick texture of honey. It is jelly, but the flavor is similar to honey. A pleasant flavor that goes well with everything. Dandelion jelly is not hard to make, either. You make a “tea” out of the flowers and use the tea to flavor the jelly. The better you are at removing any green the sweeter your jelly will be. I get the vast majority of green parts out by cutting off the green base of the flowers.
To be safe, be sure to only harvest blossoms where you know that weed killers have not been used. I harvested these in my own yard.
Dandelion Jelly
3 cups dandelion blossoms, yellow only, green base removed
4 c. water
3 T. lemon juice
1 box (1.75 oz.) powdered pectin
4 c. sugar
After gathering the dandelion flowers, trim off stems and as much green as you can. You will need 3 cups of cleaned blossoms. You are going to start by making a sort of tea from the dandelion blossoms. Boil the water and pour over the cleaned blossoms. Allow to steep until it has cooled down. Strain out the petals and squeeze as much water out of them as you can. I then strained the liquid through a coffee filter to get it clearer. You can make the jelly right away or put the dandelion infused liquid in the fridge overnight. When ready to make the jelly, get a water bath canner ready. Add enough water to cover the jars and start to heat the water up to a simmer. Wash 5-6 jelly jars and lids. In a pot, add the dandelion liquid- if it is less than 4 cups add enough water to get to 4 cups. In the same pot add the lemon juice and pectin. Bring to a boil, stirring occasionally, and boil hard 1 minute. Add the sugar and bring back to the boil. Once the jelly is boiling, boil 2 minutes. Remove from the heat. Ladle hot jelly into jars within ¼ inch of the top. Wipe rim and attach lid. Place jars in water bath and bring water to the boil. Process 10 minutes once the water starts to boil. Turn off heat. Let jars sit in the water bath 5-10 minutes before removing to a towel or cooling rack. Allow jelly to cool down. Check seals the next day. I got 5½ (8 oz) jars.

Flowers You Can Eat- and the Ones You Can’t

When deciding which flowers to plant in your yard- why not plant flowers that are also edible? That way they do double duty. They make your yard look beautiful and they can make your food look beautiful, too.
I cook a lot with flowers. I often add them to salads, infuse vinegar and make jelly with them. You can also use them to decorate cakes or other desserts, in salad dressings and marinades, floating in tropical cocktails, in punch bowls and in ice cubes.
Flowers can also top off dips, cheese, fruit trays and other appetizers, be used to make teas, infused in honey or mixed with soft cheese and spread on crackers or toast. I candy violets every year.
Add some to baked goods like quick breads, cookies and muffins or in yogurt, cottage cheese or sorbet. Wherever your food needs a little color or flavor, flowers make it special.
Below are 2 lists- one of edible flowers- the other a list of flowers that are poisonous. I would be remiss if I didn’t caution you about flowers that are not edible. Be sure to get a positive identification of any flower before you eat it. Only eat flowers that have been grown pesticide free.
Some Edible Flowers
Calendula, Chives, Daylily, Mint, Nasturtium, Pansy, Rose, Sage, Signet Marigold, Squash Blossoms, Anise Hyssop, Apple, Arugula, Basil, Bee Balm, Borage, Broccoli, Chamomile, Chicory, Chrysanthemum, Coriander, Dandelion, Dianthus, Dill, Elderberry, English Daisy, Evening Primrose, Fennel, Garlic Chives, Hibiscus, Honeysuckle, Hyssop, Jasmine, Johnny-Jump-Up, Lavender, Lemon, Lilac, Linden, Magnolia, Marjoram, Mustard, Nasturtiums, Nodding Onion, Okra, Orange, Oregano, Pea, Pineapple Guava, Pineapple Sage, Radish, Red Clover, Redbud, Rose of Sharon, Roselle, Rosemary, Runner Beans, Sage, Safflower, Scented Geraniums, Shungiku, Society Garlic, Sunflower, Sweet Woodruff, Thyme, Tuberous Begonia, Tulip, Violet, Winter Savory, Yucca
Some Poisonous Flowers
Aconite, Anemone, Anthurium, Atamasco Lily, Autumn Crocus, Azalea, Baneberry, Black Locust, Bloodroot, Boxwood, Burning Bush, Buttercup, Butterfly Weed, Caladium, Call, Carolina Jasmine, Castor Bean, Cherry Laurel, Chinaberry, Christmas Rose, Clematis, Daffodil, Deadly Nightshade, Death Camas, Delphinium, Dogbane, Dumbcane, Elephant Ears, False Hellebore, Four O’clock, Foxglove, Gloriosa Lily, Golden Chain Tree, Goldenseal, Heavenly Bamboo, Henbane, Horse Chestnut, Horse Nettle, Hyacinth, Hyacinth Bean, Hydrangea, Iris, Ivy, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Jerusalem Cherry, Jessamine, Jetbead, Jimsonweed, Jonquil, Kentucky Coffee Tree, Lantana, Larkspur, Leopard’s Bane, Lily of the Valley, Lobelia, Marsh Marigold, May Apple, Mescal Bean, Mistletoe, Morning Glory, Mountain Laurel, Nightshade, Oleander, Periwinkle, Philodendron, Pittosporum, Poison Hemlock, Potato, Privet, Rhododendron, Rock Poppy, Schefflera, Spring Adonis, Spurge, Star of Bethlehem, Sweet Pea, Tobacco, Trumpet Flower, Water Hemlock, Wild Cherry, Wisteria, Yellow Allamanda, Yellow Oleander, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.
Neither of these lists in meant to be complete. Most important of all is to be sure you can identify these plants. If you are unsure, plant identifications can be done at your local Extension office, garden center, nursery, arboretum and botanical garden. There are also apps you can download for plant identification. When in doubt, err on the side of caution.
Mom’s Salmon Patties

These will always be a nostalgic favorite dish. My mom would make these on Fridays for our family’s version of a fish fry. Its not like she couldn’t make them any day of the week, but we seemed to always have them on Fridays. Maybe that was part of made them special, like a dish you only eat around a certain holiday. I think of her every time I make them.
The recipe is pretty simple. Canned salmon is the main ingredient. Its a great bargain, too. Canned salmon is wild caught salmon. It will contain some skin and bones that need to be removed. The skin and bones are edible, just not appealing to most. We always had cats and dogs, so it never went to waste. You can buy canned salmon with the skin and bones removed. If you cooked fresh salmon and has some left over, you could also use that to make the salmon patties. Then you just add eggs and breadcrumbs and some other ingredients for texture and flavor.
We normally served our salmon patties with coleslaw or a salad and sometimes French fries or roasted potatoes. Tartar sauce is optional. I kind of like tartar sauce.
So here is the recipe, just like Mom made.
Salmon Patties
1 can (15 oz.) salmon, skin and bones removed
½ c. chopped sweet onion
½ c. chopped celery
½ c. bread crumbs
2 eggs
Healthy dash of hot pepper sauce
2 t. lemon or lime juice, or more to taste
1 t. parsley flakes
Oil for cooking
Flake salmon in bowl and add remaining ingredients. Stir together and form into 6 patties. Sauté in a little oil until golden on both sides. Serves 3-4.
Note: if you are using cooking onions I like to sauté them first to insure they are not too strong tasting.
How to Candy Violets – and Other Edible Flowers

This time of year, I always get requests about how to make candied violets. I thought I would share the recipe again.
Since my yard is full of violets right now, I decided to candy some today. It’s an easy way to enjoy these delicate flowers throughout the year.
I use them to decorate baked goods. Lovely on a cake, they also add a sweet touch to cupcakes. You can also candy just single petals of larger flowers, like roses. Just be sure to use flowers that have not been treated with pesticides. I use rose petals from my yard, never roses from a florist.
Candied Violets
Powdered egg whites (see note)
Water
Superfine sugar (see note)
Fresh violet flowers, rinsed and drained on paper toweling- Not African violets
Following package directions reconstitute egg whites to the equivalent of one or two egg whites. You can dilute them a little to make them easier to brush on. Place sugar in a shallow bowl. With a food-grade fine brush, coat a violet with the egg white and press into the sugar. Place on wax paper and repeat with remaining flowers. Allow to dry for about a week. Store in a container with a tight fitting lid in a cool place. I like to store them in the freezer.
Note: By using powdered egg whites, you remove the risk of salmonella from using raw eggs whites. Powdered egg whites can be found in some grocery stores and in cake decorating and candy making shops. Meringue powder can also be used.




Magnolias for Lunch

Magnolia blossoms are more than beautiful. They are also edible. Magnolia blooms are short lived around here. They explode almost overnight and hold on for a week or two, or until a windy day. All the more reason to hurry up and harvest them. The flavor is floral with a hint of ginger and cinnamon in fresh blossoms. Once dried, they become more spice forward, flavor wise.
So how do we eat them? You have several options. Fresh blossoms can be eaten raw in salads or sauteed in cooked dishes. Just be sure to always separate the petals from the stem and rinse them before using. There are sometimes bugs hiding in the blooms.

You can pickle the blossoms to preserve them for later eating. Just make a solution of one part water, one part vinegar, salt and pepper to taste, sweetened, if you like. Just make the pickling solution and pour over cleaned blossoms in a jar. Put the lid on the jar and store in the fridge. they are best after a couple of weeks.
You can use the blossoms to flavor vinegar to use later in salads, dressings, marinades and other sauces. You just place cleaned blossoms in a jar. For every cup of blossoms you can add up to 2 cups of vinegar. Allow to steep for at least a few weeks before straining out the petals. It will turn a pretty color and the vinegar has a ginger/cinnamon flavor.


Maybe my favorite method to preserve the blossoms is to dehydrate them. I put cleaned petals in my dehydrator and in a few hours they are brittle/dry. They change color from violet to brown. Don’t be put off by the color change. They just look like tea leaves now. The dried magnolia blossoms can be used for tea, hot or iced, and as a seasoning. The dried leaves have a definite ginger like fragrance and flavor.


So before you say good bye to this year’s magnolia flowers, you might want to gather some to eat now and preserve for later.
Boiled Milk Frosting

This is an old fashioned recipe that is getting popular again. It is sometimes called Ermine frosting. There is also a boiled frosting that uses water and sometimes corn syrup instead of milk. Both are good, I just like this version a little more.
It’s fairly simple to make and it is less sweet than a buttercream. It is creamy, fluffy and does not need to be refrigerated. It consists of a flour based base that is cooked, then cooled, to room temperature before butter in beaten into the base. The recipe makes plenty to frost a 2 layer cake or 2 dozen cupcakes. The recipe can be doubled easily.

Here is the recipe. Enjoy!!
Boiled Milk Frosting (Ermine)
5 T. flour
1 c. milk
1 c. granulated sugar
2 t. vanilla
½ t. salt
1 c. butter, cubed, softened at room temperature about 30 minutes
In small saucepan whisk together the flour, milk and sugar. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly until mixture thickens and gets bubbly. Cook over low heat another minute. Remove from heat and cool completely before finishing. I like to put the flour mixture in a bowl and putting in the fridge until cooled down, but not cold. Once flour mixture is cooled to room temperature beat in the vanilla, salt and butter with electric mixer until frosting is creamy and smooth.
Note: If you leave the base in the fridge too long and it gets cold, let it sit at room temperature 30 minutes before beating in the butter. If you are tinting the frosting, you can add color after the butter in fully incorporated.

10 Plants You Might Not Know You Can Eat

I have posted this information before. I think it is information worth sharing again. You might have a fresh salad growing all around you, and not even know it.
A lot of people don’t realize how many common plants they can eat. I thought it might be fun to share a few of them with you. Some of these are plants we grow as landscape/ornamental plants. Others are more often thought of as “weeds”. All have one thing in common. They are edible.
Some you may already know. I hope I might show you a few edibles you didn’t know about before.
I tried to stick to plants that were easy to identify. If you are not sure what it is – don’t eat it. Don’t eat plants where pesticides have been sprayed, either.
With any luck, you have at least a few of these in your yard.

Violets: Violet flowers are edible and used to decorate pastries and to make jelly. Did you know you can also eat the leaves? They are mild flavored- especially when young- and are a great addition to salads. Violet leaves are also high in vitamin C.

Purslane: The thick, fleshy leaves of purslane are easy to identify. Many vegetable gardeners make every effort to keep them out of their yards. Truth is, purslane is grown as a vegetable in many parts of the world. The leaves can be eaten raw in salads, can be cooked in a stir fry or just steamed as a fresh veggie. They can also be pickled. I make a salsa out of purslane leaves. They are crunchy with a slightly citrus flavor.

Lambsquarters: Lambsquarters are one of my favorites. They sprout all over my yard and in pots as soon as the weather warms up in the Spring. The leaves can be eaten raw when young or cooked as they mature. They taste just like spinach and are even better for you. Plants can get quite large and provide an easy harvest of nutritious greens.

Dandelions: We spend so much money trying to kill them. Sad because they are really a tasty green. Dandelions were brought to America by European immigrants as a vegetable. Their bitter greens can be an acquired taste. By combining the greens with certain foods you make them taste less bitter. Starchy foods like breads or potatoes, dairy products, tomatoes and vinegars all seem to tame the bitterness. Dandelion greens can be eaten cooked or raw. Flowers are used to make jelly and wine and can be added to baked goods.

Hosta: If you can get to them before the deer do, you will be pleasantly surprised. Hosta leaves are quite mild flavored, similar to Bibb lettuce. I add them to salads and even serve them with dips. The older leaves get tough so pick young leaves.

Sweet Potato Leaves: A friend from Hawaii first told me about eating sweet potato leaves. The leaves are pretty mild flavored. I normally eat them cooked although I have friends that eat them raw as well. You can eat the leaves of all sweet potatoes, including ornamental types.

Lilac: Lilac flowers are fragrant and edible. I use them every year to make lilac infused vinegar. They have a nice spicy taste that works well in the vinegar. Blossoms can be added to salads, too. This year I also made lilac jelly.

Redroot/Pigweed: This member of the amaranth family is distinguished by a reddish color to its roots. It has a spinach like flavor and can be cooked and used like spinach is any recipe. The plants can get several feet tall and often show up in places where the soil has been tilled.

Tulips: Tulips are more than pretty, they are also quite tasty. The petals taste like a mild flavored lettuce and can add a beautiful touch to salads. The bulbs are also edible but only part of them. The inner yellow core has to be removed first. We rarely eat the bulbs because to do so would destroy the plant. The petals, however, can be harvested and eaten year after year without harming the plant.

Roses: Rose petals have been used to make fragrances for a very long time. The petals are also edible and can be added to salads and used to make jelly, syrup and of course, rose water. The hips are also quite edible. Rose hips are the round balls that are left after the bloom is spent. They are full of vitamin C and can be cooked and used to make tea and jelly.
This is far from a complete list. Just a few things from my yard that I thought you might have, too
Kat’s Extra Wonderful Mustard Sauce

It is important to listen to your friends. My friend Kat kept telling me about her Grandmother Dienhart’s mustard sauce. She said it was a tradition in her family to always make it with ham. She told me how wonderful it was. She even sent me the recipe. She was so right. This stuff is amazing. Sweet, sour, creamy and just the right balance of flavors to pair up with the smoky flavor of ham. I could see this sauce becoming a tradition in my family, too.
While used on ham, it could be used with other smoked meats, roast beef, sausage, lamb or even duck.
Kat’s Extra Wonderful Mustard Sauce
3 large eggs
½ c. sugar
4 T. dry mustard
½ c. half and half
½ c. cider vinegar, warmed
4 T. butter
Off the heat, whisk eggs in the top of a double boiler. Sift in sugar and mustard powder. Whisk until smooth. Add half and half and place pot over simmering water. Heat mixture until it starts to bubble and thicken, while constantly whisking. Whisk in warm cider vinegar very slowly and stir until thickened. Stir in the butter until melted. Serve warm with ham. Makes 2 cups.